Science Quiz: Properties of light

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Name this scientist in the picture, who was awarded a Nobel Prize in 2018 for her work in developing a technique that revolutionised high-intensity laser physics and boosted fundamental research in optics.

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Certain transparent crystals, such as calcite, can split a single beam of light into two separate rays, each travelling at a different speed through the material. This optical property is known for producing double images when you look through such crystals. What is the name of this phenomenon?

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Light can behave both as a wave and as a particle, a concept that puzzled scientists for many years. Name the scientist who conducted an experiment in 1801, where he shined light through two closely spaced slits, yielding evidence for the wave nature of light by revealing an interference pattern.

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When using a simple lens to focus white light, you may notice coloured fringes or blurry edges around objects in high-contrast images, especially in photography or telescopes. This effect occurs because the lens bends different colours of light by different amounts, causing them to focus at slightly different points. What is this optical distortion called?

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When white light passes through a triangular glass prism, it splits into its constituent colours. What is the scientific term for this process, which explains why we see a spectrum of colours?

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In fibre optic cables, light signals can travel long distances with minimal loss. Which property of light, involving its reflection within the cable at angles greater than the critical angle, makes this efficient transmission possible?